Broodstock Management
The sexually mature fish, especially used for propagation in hatcheries. Generally, brood fishes are used for breeding purposes and reared with special care.
Broodfish is the `soul’ of a hatchery. A hatchery cannot run
properly without broodfish.
Good quality broodfish can give good quality seed in the
hatchery. Because quality seeds are largely dependent on
quality broodfish.
To produce healthy fry and good quality seed a hatchery
must have healthy and quality brood fish.
Brood fish is playing an important role to increase fish
production. For successful aquaculture, broodfish is
important for the hatchery.
For good production of seed with having increase growth
and survival rate, broodfish are needed.
Broodfish can increase hatchery production. The hatchery is
one of the main sources of fry/seed for fish culture and 99%
The fry of the country is produced by the hatcheries. If the
broodfish is good then the production of the hatchery will be
good. So broodfish is very important.
The number of hatcheries has been increasing rapidly. So, every
the hatchery has the provision of stocking of brood fishes in
own care.
Finally, the overall benefit or loss of a hatchery is mostly
dependent on broodfish.
Broodstock
Broodstock Management
Importance of Broodstock Management
For quality egg and sperm: Broodstock management is
important because proper broodstock management gives quality
egg and sperm.
For quality egg and sperm: Broodstock management is
important because proper broodstock management gives quality
egg and sperm.
For high production: Proper broodstock management decreases
the larval or fry mortality and increase production.
For disease-free fry: Proper broodstock management gives huge
amount of stronger and disease free fry and larvae.
For removing the inbreeding problem: If the brood fishes are
properly managed, it will remove the inbreeding problem.
For induced spawning: Proper brood fish management is the key
to the success of induced spawning.
For increasing fecundity: Proper brood fish management
increases the fecundity of egg and sperm.
Rapid growth: Proper brood fish management gives rapid
growth of larvae, fry at first, and later the fishes.
For saving endangered fish: By proper management of
endangered brood fishes, it is possible to save endangered
fish from extinct.
Timely supply of fry: Broodstock management gives the
supply of fry, larvae at the appropriate time, and at a low cost.
Objectives of Broodstock Management
To ensure the proper care and management for the
broodfish;
To produce available fry by using the same fish two or
more times within a year by artificial reproduction;
To ensure the development of culturable fish production by
proper management;
By using selective and line crossing method we can
solve the production of developing fish species intra
reproduction.
Broodstock Management System
Three major steps of broodstock
management:
Pre-stocking management
Stocking management and
Post stocking management
Pre-stocking Management
- Pond selection
Pond size: 50-100 decimal
Depth: 5-8 feet
Needed inlet and outlet system - Pond Preparation
Dewatering and pond drying
Remove black soil/clay
Dyke preparation etc. - Liming
Normally 01 kg /dec. Acidic soil 1.0-2.0 kg/dec - Fertilization
Apply 250 gm urea, 250 gm TSP, and 10 Kg of cow
dung per decimal pond
Stocking Management
- Sources of brood fish
Wild sources such as the river Halda, the Meghna and
the Jamuna
From another fish farm
From own ponds
- Selection of brood fish
Good quality (genetic)
Good looking
Healthy
Strong
Disease-free
- Collection/transfer of brood fish
Handling and transportation should be done with utmost care
Use of tranquilizers (eg. Clove oil, MS 222)
After arrival in a farm, fish should be disinfected
- Broodstock size
The size of broodstock depends on much factorsHatchery management strategy
Incubation capacity and
Length of the nursing period
However, the suitable broodstock size is1800-2000 kg/ha
Ratio: Male: female= 1: 1 (S. carp 20%, Catla 10%, Rui 35%, Mrigal
25%, G.carp 5% & sharputi 5%)
Weight of the broods
Post-stocking management
- Natural feed
weekly fertilization is needed
Apply 1.50-2.00 Kg cow dung, 40-50 gm urea, 20-25 gm
TSP for per decimal pond after 7 days interval.
- Supplemental feed/Nutrition of brood fish:
The balanced formulated diet must have-
25-30% protein
25-35% carbohydrate
8-10% fat together with phosphorus, calcium, vitamins
and minerals
(Mixture Formula: Wheat bran/auto rice bran 45%,
Mustered oil cake 30%, Fish meal 15%, flours 5%,
molasses 4% and vitamins and minerals 1%)T
- Water management
Adding underground water in the morning regularly
- Temperature and light
Optimum temperature with minimum fluctuation
Sufficient sunlight
- Health management
Sometimes netting and to observe health condition
- Tranquility
Brood fish should not be disturbed and must be reared in
tranquility. Else they suffer from stress which may-
Decrease appetite
Reduce disease resistance
Delay ovulation
At times a complete failure to ovulation
A stock pond is devoted to growing and fattening of the fish to
marketable size whereas a brood fish pond is meant to hold fish in
preparation for spawning. Maturing fish netted from a stock pond can
also, be a source of fish for the brood fish pond. Other sources of
indigenous fish for the brood fish pond can be capture fishery waters such
as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. In the case of exotic species (such as all
Chinese carps in South and Southeast Asian countries), the only sources
of brood fish, at least for the time being, are the stock ponds of fish farms
and hatcheries.
The following sources are considered for brood fish collection:
Wild sources such as the river Halda, the Meghna, and the Jamuna
From other fish farm or hatcheries
From own ponds where broodfish reared own facilities
Sources of Brood Fish
Genetic changes in hatchery populations
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